What is Nepse ? NEPSE Overview & Guide

NEPSE, short for Nepal Stock Exchange, is the primary stock exchange in Nepal. It plays a crucial role in the country's capital market by facilitating the trading of securities such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. The exchange is regulated by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON) and operates under the Nepal Stock Exchange Act.

Here is a step-by-step guide to understanding NEPSE and its functioning:

Introduction to NEPSE:

The Nepal Stock Exchange was established in 1993 as a company limited by guarantee, licensed under the Securities Exchange Act, 1983. Its main objective is to provide a platform for buying and selling securities issued by publicly listed companies.

Market Participants:

NEPSE brings together various market participants, including investors, listed companies, brokers, and regulatory bodies. Each participant plays a unique role in the functioning of the stock market.

Investors: Individuals or institutions who purchase securities with the aim of earning returns on their investments.

Listed Companies: Companies that have gone through the listing process and have their shares or bonds listed on NEPSE.

Brokers: Licensed entities that facilitate the buying and selling of securities on behalf of investors.

Regulators: SEBON oversees the operations of NEPSE, ensuring fair practices, investor protection, and market stability.

Listing and Trading:

For a company to be listed on NEPSE, it needs to meet specific criteria set by SEBON. Once listed, the company's shares or bonds become tradable on the exchange. Trading occurs through the electronic trading system, where buyers and sellers place orders through their respective brokers.

Market Indices:

NEPSE maintains several indices to track the overall performance of the market and specific sectors. The Nepal Stock Index (NEPSE Index) is the benchmark index that represents the overall market movement. Other indices focus on sectors such as banking, finance, development banks, and insurance.

Trading Hours:

NEPSE operates on regular working days from Sunday to Thursday. The market opens at 11:00 AM local time and closes at 3:00 PM. The exchange observes public holidays and other trading holidays as per the official calendar.

Market Regulations and Investor Protection:

SEBON plays a crucial role in formulating and implementing regulations to ensure fair and transparent trading practices. It regulates brokers, conducts regular inspections, and takes action against any malpractices. Investor protection is a priority, and SEBON strives to maintain investor confidence in the market.

Market News and Information:

NEPSE provides real-time market information through its official website, which includes live trading data, announcements, company disclosures, and news updates. Investors can access this information to make informed investment decisions.

Dematerialization and Settlement:

NEPSE has implemented a dematerialization system, which means that physical share certificates are converted into electronic form. This facilitates secure and efficient trading, reduces paperwork, and streamlines settlement processes.

Market Analysis and Research:

Various research firms and market analysts provide insights and analysis on NEPSE. They publish reports, market outlooks, and investment recommendations based on their expertise and research. Investors can refer to such analysis to gain a deeper understanding of market trends and make informed investment decisions.

Investor Education and Awareness:

NEPSE and SEBON conduct investor education programs and awareness campaigns to promote financial literacy and educate investors about the stock market. These initiatives aim to enhance investor knowledge, risk management skills, and overall market awareness.

It's worth noting that this step-by-step guide provides a general overview of NEPSE. For more detailed and up-to-date information, it is recommended to refer to NEPSE's official

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What is mero share ? Mero Share Guide In Details.

 

Mero Share is an online portal in Nepal that allows investors to manage their shares electronically. It is a platform provided by the Central Depository System and Clearing Limited (CDSC), which is the central securities depository of Nepal. Through Mero Share, investors can perform various activities related to their shares, such as buying and selling shares, transferring shares, viewing portfolio details, and accessing company-related information. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to use Mero Share:

Step 1: Account Opening

To start using Mero Share, you need to have a demat account with a registered stockbroker. You can visit the stockbroker's office and fill out the necessary forms to open a demat account. You will need to provide your personal details, including your name, address, contact information, citizenship or passport number, and bank account details.

Step 2: Getting the Mero Share Login Details

Once your demat account is opened, the stockbroker will provide you with a Mero Share login username and password. These login credentials are unique to each investor and are used to access the Mero Share portal.

Step 3: Accessing the Mero Share Portal

Using a computer or a mobile device with an internet connection, open a web browser and visit the Mero Share website (https://www.meroshare.cdsc.com.np). On the homepage, you will find the login section.

Step 4: Logging into Mero Share

Enter your provided Mero Share username and password in the respective fields and click on the "Login" button to access your account.

Step 5: Navigating the Mero Share Dashboard

After logging in, you will be taken to the Mero Share dashboard. The dashboard provides an overview of your portfolio, including details of the shares you own, their current market value, and any pending transactions. You can navigate through various sections of the portal using the menu options.

Step 6: Buying Shares

To buy shares, click on the "Buy" option in the menu. You will be prompted to enter the required information, such as the company name, the number of shares you want to buy, the price per share, and the transaction type (market or limit order). Once you submit the buy order, the system will process it, and if successful, the shares will be credited to your demat account.

Step 7: Selling Shares

If you want to sell shares, click on the "Sell" option in the menu. Enter the details of the shares you wish to sell, such as the company name, the number of shares, and the selling price. Submit the sell order, and if the transaction is successful, the shares will be debited from your demat account, and the sale proceeds will be credited to your linked bank account.

Step 8: Transferring Shares

Mero Share also allows you to transfer shares from one demat account to another. To initiate a share transfer, click on the "Transfer" option in the menu. Enter the recipient's demat account details, including their DPID (Depository Participant Identification) and client ID, along with the details of the shares you want to transfer. Once you submit the transfer request, it will be processed by the CDSC.

Step 9: Viewing Portfolio Details

You can view the details of your share portfolio by clicking on the "Portfolio" option in the menu. It will display the list of shares you own, along with information such as the company name, quantity, average cost, market value, and unrealized gains or losses.

Step 10: Accessing Company Information

Mero Share provides access to company-related information, such as corporate announcements, financial reports, and annual general meeting notices. You can find these

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Allegations of indecent behavior against the husband of Kava Mayor of Shambhunath Municipality

Allegations of indecent behavior against the husband of Kava Mayor of Shambhunath Municipality

 Radha Chaudhary

 Saptari / June 4.

Sarita Bhagat Yadav of Rajbiraj Municipality Ward No. 8 has alleged that Shravan Choudhary of Shambhunath Municipality Ward No. 11 of Saptari has been behaving indecently by holding a press conference at Rajbiraj on Monday.

Former Village Development Committee Rampur Jamuwa 7 (a) Bhagat accused Chaudhary of repeatedly behaving indecently by destroying the structure of a house on his own land in Kita No. 238, which is currently located in Shambhunath Napa 11.

 Bhagat alleged that when my mother, Neelam Devi Bhagat, left a 10-foot road on the land named after her to build a house, the local Narayan Mandal, Rajkumar Mandal, Shravan Chaudhary and others were conspiring to prevent her from being removed from the land on the basis of coercion and to build an unauthorized road.

 Shambhunath Napa Acting Mayor Anita Chaudhary's husband

 Bhagat alleges that ward president Rajkumar Sah (Sanjay) is also helping Shravan Chaudhary.  Bhagat has requested the local pain givers to come legally without force.

 Red Cross Chairman Yogendra Bhagat had built a house on that land for Dalit Mithu Khang as Alani Jagga, but according to local elders, Mithu Khang was asked by the locals to vacate the land because the road was there 40/50 years ago.  Ward Chairman Rajkumar Sah says that the reason for construction is an old road, so it should be a road.

 Chaudhary says that Bhagat is making false accusations against me.  Chowdhury said that I did not mind because the problem of building and demolishing roads for social development is the responsibility of local residents, ward presidents and Kava mayors.

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Health Benefits of Lassi

Introduction:

Lassi, the iconic yogurt-based drink of India, has been tantalizing taste buds for centuries. This creamy, refreshing beverage is not only a popular accompaniment to spicy meals but also a beloved summer refresher. In this article, we delve into the rich history, diverse variations, health benefits, and preparation methods of lassi, inviting you to savor the essence of this delightful drink.

1. The Origins and Cultural Significance of Lassi:

Lassi finds its roots in the ancient Indian civilization, with mentions dating back thousands of years. Originally from Punjab, it quickly spread across the subcontinent and became an integral part of Indian culinary traditions. Historically, lassi was a favorite among farmers and travelers due to its hydrating and nourishing properties. It has also been associated with festivals, celebrations, and religious rituals, making it a symbol of hospitality and unity.

2. Traditional Lassi Varieties:

    (a) Sweet Lassi: The classic version of lassi, sweet lassi combines yogurt, sugar, and sometimes a hint of cardamom or saffron. It's a velvety, smooth drink that offers a delightful balance of sweetness and tanginess.

    (b) Salty Lassi: Salty lassi is a savory variation made by adding salt, cumin powder, and other spices to yogurt. This salt-infused concoction provides a refreshing and cooling effect, especially during hot summers.

    (c) Fruit Lassi: A fusion of traditional lassi with seasonal fruits, fruit lassi offers a burst of flavors and added nutrition. Popular fruit lassi varieties include mango lassi, strawberry lassi, and banana lassi.

3. Health Benefits of Lassi:

Besides its irresistible taste, lassi also brings numerous health benefits:

    (a) Probiotic Powerhouse: Lassi is rich in live cultures and probiotics, which promote gut health, aid digestion, and strengthen the immune system.

    (b) Hydration and Cooling: The high water content and electrolytes in lassi make it an excellent choice for staying hydrated and combating heat during scorching summer days.

    (c) Nutritional Boost: Lassi is a good source of calcium, protein, vitamins, and minerals, making it a wholesome addition to a balanced diet.

4. Lassi Preparation Techniques:

    (a) Traditional Hand-Churning: In rural areas, lassi is traditionally prepared by hand-churning yogurt with a wooden churner or "madhani." This method imparts a unique texture and frothiness to the drink.

    (b) Blender Method: In modern kitchens, blenders are commonly used to prepare lassi. Simply blend yogurt, water, and desired ingredients until smooth and frothy.

    (c) Variations and Experimentation: Lassi provides ample room for creativity. You can experiment with different flavors, fruits, spices, and even add a touch of honey or rose syrup for an extra touch of indulgence.

5. Lassi Across Borders: Global Influence and Adaptations:

While lassi originated in India, its popularity has spread far beyond its borders. In recent years, it has gained international recognition and can be found in Indian restaurants and specialty cafes worldwide. The versatility of lassi has led to creative adaptations and unique flavor combinations in different regions. For example, in the United States, you may come across variations like chocolate lassi or matcha lassi, catering to the local taste preferences and culinary trends.

6. Lassi as a Culinary Ingredient:

Lassi isn't just enjoyed as a standalone drink; it also finds its way into various culinary creations. Chefs and home cooks alike have embraced lassi as a versatile ingredient in both sweet and savory dishes. It can be used as a marinade for meats, a base for creamy salad dressings, a tenderizing agent for dough, or even as a substitute for buttermilk in baking. The tangy, creamy nature of lassi adds depth and flavor to a wide range of recipes.

7. Lassi as a Symbol of Hospitality and Celebration:

In Indian culture, lassi holds a special place as a symbol of hospitality and celebration. It is often offered to guests as a gesture of warm welcome and is a must-have during festivals and special occasions. Lassi-making competitions and festivals dedicated to this beloved beverage are held in various parts of India, bringing communities together to appreciate and celebrate its cultural significance.

8. Lassi: A Bridge Between Generations:

Lassi holds a nostalgic value for many, serving as a bridge between generations and evoking cherished memories. From grandparents passing down their secret lassi recipes to grandchildren to families bonding over a glass of lassi during summer vacations, this drink has the power to connect people and preserve traditions. It embodies the spirit of togetherness and shared experiences, making it more than just a drink—it's a cultural thread that weaves communities together.

9. Lassi as a Market Trend:

In recent years, lassi has gained significant popularity as a market trend, both within and outside of India. Lassi bars and stalls have emerged, offering a wide array of lassi flavors and combinations to cater to evolving consumer preferences. From traditional flavors to innovative twists, the lassi market has seen the introduction of unique ingredients such as avocado, turmeric, and even protein powders, appealing to health-conscious consumers and those seeking new taste experiences.

10. Lassi for a Healthy Lifestyle:

Lassi's natural and nutritious composition makes it a go-to choice for those seeking a healthy lifestyle. As an alternative to sugary beverages, lassi provides a satisfying and guilt-free option. The probiotics in lassi aid in digestion, while the high protein content helps keep you satiated for longer periods. Additionally, lassi can be customized to fit specific dietary needs, such as using dairy-free yogurt alternatives or adding superfoods like chia seeds or flaxseeds.

11. Lassi as a Refreshing Beverage for All Seasons:

While lassi is often associated with summertime, its appeal extends throughout the year. In colder months, warm or spiced variations of lassi, such as masala lassi or dry fruit lassi, offer a comforting twist. The creamy texture and rich flavors make lassi a versatile drink that can be enjoyed on any occasion, whether it's a cozy evening by the fireplace or a lively gathering with friends.

12.  Lassi: A Cultural Ambassador:

As lassi continues to gain recognition worldwide, it has become an ambassador for Indian culture and cuisine. Its presence in international food festivals, fusion menus, and social media platforms showcases the global fascination with Indian flavors. By embracing lassi, individuals from diverse backgrounds get a taste of the vibrant traditions and culinary heritage of India, fostering cultural exchange and appreciation.

13. The Art of Pairing Lassi:

Lassi's unique flavor profile makes it an excellent companion to a variety of dishes. In Indian cuisine, lassi is often paired with spicy or rich foods to balance the flavors and provide a cooling effect. Whether it's a fiery curry, a flavorful biryani, or a mouthwatering kebab, lassi's tanginess and creaminess provide a refreshing contrast. Furthermore, lassi can be enjoyed alongside snacks like samosas, pakoras, or even as a dessert accompaniment to traditional sweets like gulab jamun.

Conclusion:

Lassi's journey from being a traditional Indian beverage to a global phenomenon reflects its versatility, health benefits, and cultural significance. As the lassi market expands and creative adaptations emerge, the appeal of this beloved drink continues to grow. Whether you're enjoying a classic lassi, exploring new flavor combinations, or appreciating it as a symbol of hospitality, lassi remains an enduring icon of refreshment, nourishment, and the rich tapestry of Indian culinary traditions. So, raise your glass and let lassi transport you to a world of flavors and cultural delights.

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Mother's Crucial Role

A mother plays a crucial role in our lives for several reasons:

Nurturing and Care: Mothers are typically the primary caregivers in a family. They provide unconditional love, care, and support to their children, ensuring their physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. A mother's nurturing nature creates a secure and loving environment for her children to grow and develop.

Bonding and Emotional Connection: The bond between a mother and her child is often profound and unique. The emotional connection formed during pregnancy and through early childhood is vital for a child's emotional development. A mother's presence and affectionate interactions contribute to the child's sense of security, self-worth, and ability to form healthy relationships in the future.

Role Model: Mothers serve as role models for their children. They demonstrate important values, ethics, and behaviors through their actions and words. Children observe and learn from their mothers, shaping their own attitudes, beliefs, and character. A mother's positive influence can instill qualities like kindness, compassion, perseverance, and resilience.

Support and Guidance: Mothers are a constant source of support and guidance throughout life's challenges. They provide a listening ear, offer advice, and help their children navigate through difficult situations. A mother's wisdom and experience can be invaluable in helping her children make informed decisions and overcome obstacles.

Educational Foundation: Mothers often play a significant role in a child's education and intellectual development. They encourage learning, engage in educational activities, and foster a love for knowledge. A mother's involvement in her child's education sets the foundation for a lifelong pursuit of learning.

Unconditional Love: A mother's love is often described as unconditional. Regardless of their children's flaws or mistakes, mothers continue to love and accept them. This unconditional love provides a sense of belonging, security, and acceptance that can have a profound impact on a child's self-esteem and overall well-being.

It is important to note that while these roles are traditionally associated with mothers, they can also be fulfilled by other caregivers or family members in various family structures. The significance of a mother's role in someone's life may vary based on cultural, societal, and individual factors.

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What is the Cornea ?

Cornea

The cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped outermost layer of the eye that covers the front portion. It is responsible for protecting the inner structures of the eye and plays a crucial role in focusing incoming light onto the lens and retina.

Key characteristics of the cornea include its clarity and curvature. It is composed of five different layers, each with its distinct function. The outermost layer, called the epithelium, acts as a barrier against dirt, debris, and pathogens. It also helps to maintain the smoothness of the cornea's surface.

Beneath the epithelium is the Bowman's layer, which provides structural support to the cornea. The middle layer, known as the stroma, makes up the majority of the cornea's thickness. It consists of collagen fibers arranged in a precise pattern, giving the cornea its transparent appearance. The stroma also plays a vital role in refracting light as it passes through the eye.

The next layer, Descemet's membrane, is a thin, resilient layer that serves as a barrier against infections and injuries. Lastly, the innermost layer of the cornea is the endothelium. It regulates the fluid balance within the cornea, keeping it clear and preventing swelling.

The cornea has no blood vessels; instead, it receives oxygen and nutrients from the tears on its outer surface and the aqueous humor, a clear fluid present in the front chamber of the eye. This avascular nature contributes to the cornea's clarity, allowing light to pass through it without scattering or interference.

The cornea is responsible for approximately two-thirds of the eye's focusing power. As light enters the eye, it is first refracted by the cornea, which bends the incoming rays to converge onto the lens. This bending of light helps to focus it precisely onto the retina, allowing for clear vision.

Corneal abnormalities or diseases, such as corneal ulcers, dystrophies, or keratoconus, can affect its transparency and shape, leading to vision problems. In some cases, corneal transplantation may be necessary to restore vision and alleviate corneal conditions.

Advancements in medical science and technology have also made it possible to reshape the cornea through procedures like LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) or PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) to correct refractive errors like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.

Overall, the cornea is a remarkable structure that performs a critical role in maintaining the eye's health and providing clear vision. Its transparency and curvature enable it to focus light, allowing us to perceive the world around us.

The cornea is one of the most sensitive parts of the body due to its high density of nerve endings. This sensitivity helps protect the eye by triggering reflexes like blinking when an object comes close to the cornea's surface.

In addition to its protective function, the cornea also acts as a barrier against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The cornea filters out the majority of UV-B rays and some UV-A rays, shielding the inner structures of the eye from potential damage.

Unlike other parts of the body, the cornea lacks blood vessels. This avascularity is important for maintaining the clarity of the cornea, as blood vessels can introduce haze or opacities that interfere with vision. Instead of relying on blood vessels, the cornea receives oxygen and nutrients directly from the tears on its outer surface and the aqueous humor in the front chamber of the eye.

The cornea has an incredible regenerative capacity. If the epithelium, the outermost layer of the cornea, gets scratched or damaged, it can heal relatively quickly within a few days. This rapid healing process helps to restore the integrity of the cornea and maintain its function.

However, in certain cases, the cornea may develop conditions that affect its clarity and transparency. Some examples include corneal dystrophies, such as Fuchs' dystrophy or lattice dystrophy, which cause the cornea to become cloudy or develop irregularities. Corneal infections, trauma, or diseases like keratoconus, where the cornea thins and bulges outward, can also impact vision.

When corneal diseases or conditions cannot be effectively treated with medications or corrective lenses, corneal transplantation may be necessary. During a corneal transplant, a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced with a healthy cornea from a donor. This procedure can restore vision and improve the quality of life for individuals with severe corneal problems.

The cornea's transparency and ability to focus light are critical for vision. However, it is worth noting that the cornea alone does not account for the entire focusing process. The lens, located behind the iris, also contributes significantly to the eye's ability to focus light onto the retina.

Overall, the cornea's unique structure, clarity, and sensitivity make it an integral part of the eye's functionality. Its remarkable properties allow for clear vision while providing protection against external elements and UV radiation.

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What is Alcohol ?

Alcohol is a broad term used to describe a class of organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group attached to a carbon atom. In the context of beverages, alcohol typically refers to ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is the main psychoactive ingredient found in alcoholic drinks.

Ethanol is produced through the fermentation of sugars by yeast or bacteria. It is commonly found in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, spirits, and liquors. It has been consumed by humans for thousands of years and has both social and recreational uses.

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, meaning it affects the brain by slowing down its activity. When consumed, it can have various effects on the body, including relaxation, euphoria, lowered inhibitions, impaired judgment, decreased coordination, and, at higher levels, intoxication.

While moderate alcohol consumption is considered relatively safe for most adults, excessive or long-term alcohol use can lead to various health issues and alcohol-related disorders. These can include liver damage, addiction, cardiovascular problems, increased risk of certain cancers, and mental health disorders.

It is important to note that alcohol can have different effects on individuals based on factors such as body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and overall health. It is always advisable to drink responsibly and in moderation, or to abstain from alcohol altogether, particularly for those with certain medical conditions or when taking certain medications.

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